Unemployment Dynamics in the Digital Era: A Descriptive Qualitative Analysis from a Human Resource Management Perspective
Abstract
The development of the digital era, marked by the Industrial Revolution 4.0, has not only opened up many new job opportunities but also created serious challenges in the form of increasing poverty. This condition is most pronounced among the younger generation, who are still struggling to adapt to the demands of digital skills. This study seeks to understand the causes of poverty in the digital era, its impact on the workforce, and human resource management (HRM) strategies that can be implemented to overcome it. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results confirm that the skills gap and the mismatch between educational graduates and industry needs are the main factors. However, the digital era also opens up new opportunities through the gig economy and the creative sector. This study suggests the importance of upskilling, reskilling, and collaboration between the government, the educational sector, and companies to better prepare the Indonesian workforce for competition.
References
Becker, G. S. (2011). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education (3rd Ed.). Chicago: Cambridge University Press.
Bersin, J. (2022). The importance of upskilling and reskilling in the digital era. Harvard Business Review.
Statistics Indonesia. (2024). The State of Indonesian Employment, February 2024. Jakarta: BPS.
Becker, G. S. (2011). Economic behavior and human capital. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Handayani, T. (2023). Digital literacy and challenges for youth labor in Indonesia. Journal of Education and Employment, 15(2), 101–115.
International Labor Organization. (2021). World employment and social outlook: The role of digital labor platforms in transforming the world of work. Geneva: ILO.
Ministry of Communication and Information Technology. (2024). Report on the 2024 Digital Talent Scholarship Program. Jakarta: Ministry of Communication and Information Technology.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Rahman, A., & Sari, D. (2022). Digital skills as a dominant factor in workforce recruitment. Journal of Management and Digital Business, 10(1), 55–66.
Rivai, V. (2020). Human resource management for companies: From theory to practice. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2020). Economic development (13th ed.). New York: Pearson.
World Economic Forum. (2023). The future of jobs report 2023. Geneva: WEF
Open Access
IDEA (International Development of Economics and Administration Journal) is a national peer reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from all area of Development of Economics and Administration.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content that making research publish in this journal freely available to the public that supports a greater exchange of knowledge.
Copyright
Submission of a manuscript implies that the submitted work has not been published before (except as part of a thesis or report, or abstract); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors. If and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the author(s) still hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions. Authors or others are allowed to multiply article as long as not for commercial purposes. For the new invention, authors are suggested to manage its patent before published. The license type is CC-BY-SA 4.0.
Disclaimer
No responsibility is assumed by publisher and co-publishers, nor by the editors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a result of any actual or alleged libelous statements, infringement of intellectual property or privacy rights, or products liability, whether resulting from negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any ideas, instructions, procedures, products or methods contained in the material therein.
